This study aimed to explore the prevalence of various forms of smoking among adolescents in Jordan, identify associated factors, and examine their relationships with mental and psychosocial problems.

Data were obtained from a large-scale, nationally representative, school-based survey conducted between December 2022 and April 2023 among children and adolescents aged 8–18 years in both host and refugee populations in Jordan. A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling design was employed to ensure national representativeness. The study utilized internationally recognized and validated tools that assessed several mental and psychosocial problems. The present analysis was restricted to adolescents only.